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人造棉还是羽绒？

2015-05-20 来源：微信浏览量：7771

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封面图片：Primaoft的ThermoBall系列人造棉

羽绒是大家都了解的目前各类主流的保暖衣物使用的主要填充物，也是当前在登山领域最好的保暖材料，特别是高海拔攀登，一律都是连体羽绒服和羽绒睡袋。羽绒保暖的原理很简单，实际上就是利用羽毛的蓬松，在你身体周围形成一个不流动的空气层，使得外面的冷空气进不来，你的热量也无法流失。因此，越蓬松的羽绒保暖效果越好，衡量羽绒服/睡袋保暖程度的指标里面就有蓬松度这一项。蓬松度是国际上度量羽绒保暖程度的重要指标，指的是在一定条件下每一盎司（28.3克）羽绒所占体积（单位：立方英寸）。常见的蓬松度从550到900都有，近年来甚至还出现了1000蓬松度的羽绒服。

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从550到900蓬松度的羽绒

“人造棉”是指合成纤维类的人造保暖材料（Synthetic Insulation，后文为方便，一律使用“人造棉”指代各类合成纤维类保暖材料），保暖原理和羽绒是一样的。合成纤维有很多生产厂商和品牌，比如大家了解较多的，PromaLoft，Thinsulate。此类产品还有很多细的分类：Primaloft还有Primaloft ONE, Primaloft Sport, and Primaloft ECO等各种针对不同环境使用的分类。

那么，如何选择？这个问题，摘抄一段分享给大家，文字来自美国的一个户外装备的讨论网站，原文详见：http://www.outdoorgearlab.com/Insulated-Jacket-Reviews/buying-advice

Do I want down or synthetic insulation? The answer largely depends on your intended use. Down is a superior insulator in many respects - it is warmer for its weight, and is much more compressible than synthetics. Moisture and wet weather however, are down's kryptonite. When wet, down is unable to maintain its loft. It loses its ability to keep you warm. This is where synthetic insulation is able to shine - though not as warm for its weight, and less compressible overall compared to down, synthetic insulations are much better at maintaining their loft when wet, and are therefore able to somewhat insulate you even when wet. So which is better? This depends. If you are recreating in weather that is primarily dry, say the desert, or in very cold conditions where moisture is low, down is the best performer. In wetter climates however, like the Pacific Northwest, or in areas with variable or unpredictable weather, synthetic insulation is the safer choice. Many backcountry travelers prefer synthetic insulation for this reason - performance when wet. If you and you jacket get soaking wet and night falls, a cold night with a wet down jacket is a recipe for hypothermia, whereas a jacket insulated with say, Primaloft, is going to be uncomfortable, but perhaps ok. Keep in mind that precipitation is not the only moisture that can compromise your down. The moisture created by your own body, via perspiration etc is also a concern over a longer trip if you don't have dry weather to dry you jacket.

Long-term durability is also a concern. Generally speaking, down is more durable over the long haul, and can be revived with a correctly executed wash of the jacket. Synthetic insulation is generally cheaper overall, but loses its loft and warming capability in shorter time. Expect a synthetic insulated jacket to last maybe 5-10 years, depending on use, perhaps even less if you use it hard and often. A down insulated jacket can be effective much longer, if taken care of.
Synthetic insulated jackets are however more "user friendly." When they are dirty, you throw them in the wash. Down on the other hand is much more difficult to clean. You need a front loading washer, a safe detergent, and tennis balls for the dryer. This is a pretty big advantage for many people. Maintenance is quick, and it's easy.

简译如下：应该选择羽绒还是“人造棉”？答案取决于你的用途。羽绒在很多方面来说都是更好的保暖材料，相同的重量下，羽绒更暖和而且更轻。但是，当遇到潮湿或者下雨天气的时候，羽绒无法保持干燥，这将会使其丧失其保暖性。而人造棉，在潮湿情况下却比羽绒好的多，因此，在衣服湿了以后还是可以在一定程度上提供保暖。那种更好，这取决于使用环境。如果你是在干燥的环境中，比如沙漠，或者是非常寒冷干燥的条件下，羽绒是最好的选择。但是在湿润的气候中，如美国西北部，或者是天气无法预计的地区，“人造棉”是更安全的选择。很多露营者选择“人造棉”是因为运动会产生水汽。如果你的外衣在入夜时还是湿的，那么穿着它过一夜也许会导致你体温过低。但是如果你穿着“人造棉”的衣服，比如说填充Primaloft材料的衣服，虽然不那么舒服，但是起码可以保温。要记住，不只是降雨或者潮湿的天气会导致你的羽绒失效，如果你在长线旅途中没有好天气供你去晾晒衣服，由你身体产生的水汽同样需要你关注。

耐用度也是一个值得考虑的因素。一般来说，羽绒更加耐用，正确的洗涤后同样保暖。“人造棉”更廉价，但是经过洗涤以后会逐渐丧失其保暖性。估计一件人造棉的衣服可以穿5-10年，如果使用强度大或者经常用，也许更短。如果你小心爱惜，一件羽绒服可以穿很久。

不过，“人造棉”做的衣服使用起来更便捷。当这些衣服脏的时候，你可以直接把它们扔进洗衣机，但羽绒却要麻烦的多。你需要一台滚筒洗衣机，安全的清洁剂以及干燥球。因此，“人造棉”服装的这些便捷性对很多人来说是一大优点。

另外，如下网页也给出类似的观点，有兴趣的可以查看：

1、http://www.backpacker.com/gear/experts/ask-kristin/down-vs-synthetic/

2、http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/news/outdoor-wear-sorting-out-the-choices.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

3、http://rab.uk.com/reference/technology/synthetic-insulation/

4、http://www.outdoorresearch.com/blog/gear-geek/down-vs.-synthetic-whats-the-difference-between-down-and-synthetic-insulati

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